直升机在行动

主演：马丁·导演：DavidDouglas语言：英语地区:美国编剧：类型：纪录片/短片上映时间：2002-09-18 别名：用户标签：纪录片,IMAX,2002,Documentary,!!5,美国,rayfile,科学片长：imdb编号：tt0330936Agusta109K2:AlpineMedivacRescue 　　StraightUp'sexplorationofverticalflightbeginswithahigh-impactalpinerescueamidanavalanche.ThedramaticopeningsequencedocumentsthedangerousworkoftheRegamountainrescueteamandtheinvaluableroleoftheAgustaA109K2helicopterinsavinglivesandminimizinginjuries. 　　Asthecamerapansoverbeautifulvistasofthesnow-coveredSwissAlps,itcutstoacornice,asachunkofsnowbreaksfree,triggeringanavalanche.Thetranquilsceneisshatteredastheavalanchethundersdownthemountainslopes.Withterrifyingspeed,itheadsstraightforamotherandchildtrappedintheircar,wheelsspinningontheicyroad. 　　Themothercallsforhelponhercellphone,andasecondcallfromasnowplowpromptsradiodispatch.TheRegamountainrescueteamalreadyisairborneenroutetothescene,theredcrosspaintedonthehelicopter'swhiteunderbellysignalingthatmedicalhelpisontheway.Themotherescapes,buthersonismissing.Withinminutesofthehelicopterlanding,therescueteamdigoutthecar,extractthetrappedboy,applyfirstaid,andairlifthimandhismothertosafety. 　　Asignificantmountainhazard,avalanchesareresponsibleformanydeathseachyear.Timeisoftheessenceinavalancherescuework.Apersonhasa90percentchanceofsurvivaliffoundwithinthefirst15minutes,butone'schancesofsurvivaldiminishwitheachpassingminute.Notonlydohelicoptersprovidequickaccessforrescueteams,theyalsoprovidealifelinetomedicalcare.Flyingtheinjuredtothenearesthospitalasrapidlyaspossibleisnottheonlytypeofrescueoperation;oftenhelicoptersbringthehospitaltotheinjured,whoreceivetreatmentatthescene. 　　ThepowerfulavalanchewasshotinBritishColumbia'sSelkirkMountainsunderthesupervisionoftheCanadianAvalancheAssociation.TheCAAcontrolsavalancheriskforthesafetyofheli-skiers.Tocapturetheavalanchehead-on,avalancheexpertandfilmmakerSteveKrochelandDavidDouglasdevelopedaquarter-inch-thicksteelcontainerfortheIMAXcamera,whichwasequippedwithatriggeringdeviceandabeepersothatthecameracouldbefoundoncetheavalanchehadsweptitdownthemountain. 　　TherescuewascompletedinSwitzerland'sBerninaPassneartheItalianborder.FilmingtheRegarescuehelicopterair-to-airsequenceturnedintoaninternationalexcursionasDouglaschasedthesunlightoverItalyinonedirectionandinAustriainanotherbeforesettingdowninSwitzerland.Inanotherdramaticshot,Douglascenteredtheredcrossinthecrosshairsofthecameralensasthecraftdescended.Tofacilitatethisshot,DouglasdugaholeinthesnowlargeenoughtoaccommodatehimselfandtheIMAXcamera.Insidethehole,3feetbelowthehelicopter,hefilmeditstakeoff. 　　AccordingtoDouglas,"Thehelicopteristheinstrumentofrapidresponsetonaturalphysicalandsocialdisastersaroundtheworld,alleviatinghumansufferingonamajorscale.Fortheindividualcaughtbeyondthelimitsoftrainingorequipment,oftenthelastchanceforsurvivalisthehopethatahelicopterwillgettothemintime." 　　ThePitcairnPCA2,"MissChampion" 　　Forcenturieshumansdreamedofflight.TheChinese,inthe12thcentury,developedatoyhelicoptermadefromapairofslatsmountedonastick,butseriouseffortshadtowaituntiltheearly20thcentury.Then,aftertheWrightbrothers'historicflightatKittyHawk,wedreamedofflightunfetteredbythelimitationsofrunwaysandairports.Yetbytheearly1930swewerestillatthedawnofthepracticalrotorcraft,whichpromisedtogiveformtohumanity'svision. 　　Thetenyearperiodbetween1925and1935wasanexcitingtimeinaviationhistory,butfewaircraftsocaughtandheldthepublic'sattention,astheAutogiro.Nicknamedthe"flyingwindmill,"thisstrange-lookingaircraftwasfirstsuccessfullyflownin1923bytheSpanishinventor,JuandelaCierva,whohadbeenworkingonthedevelopmentofsuchacraftsince1919.TheAutogirofascinatedtheair-mindedpublicbecauseofitsremarkableperformanceandhighdegreeofsafety,attractingsuchleadersofAmericanaviationasCharlesLindberghandAmeliaEarhart. 　　JuandelaCiervasoldtheAmericanmanufacturingrightstoHaroldPitcairnin1928.Pitcairn'sAutogiroboastedamoremodernfuselagewithbetteraerodynamicqualities.Italsoprovidedprospectivebuyerswithachoiceofeithera300-or420-horsepowerengine. 　　Inthefilm,HaroldPitcairn'ssonStephenflies"MissChampion,"a1931model.ThisAutogiro,usedforpromotionbytheChampionSparkPlugCompany,iscontrolledlikeanairplane,butisliftedwithblades.Althoughtheoriginalrotorbladeshaveseen1,600hoursofflighttime,theyarestillairworthy.Witha330-horsepowerWrightR975-Eengine,theAutogirohasacruisingspeedof98mphandatopspeedof118mph."MissChampion"ledaNationalAirTourandmadethethen-risky300-mile-longflightfromMiamitoHavana,Cuba.(Untilthen,thelongestover-waterflightbyanAutogirohadbeen25milesinlength.)Later,"MissChampion"flewnonstopoveradistanceof500milestoChichenItzaintheYucatanrainforest."MissChampion"wasretiredfromactiveservicein1932aftersettinganewaltituderecordforrotary-wingaircraft.Climbingtoaheightof21,500feetin1932,theAutogirosurpassedthepreviousrecordsetbyAmeliaEarhart.Today,theAutogiroisconsideredtobetheevolutionary"missinglink"fromwhichthepracticalhelicopterwasborn. 　　FortyyearslaterStephenPitcairnbegantheformidabletaskofcollectingandrestoringexamplesofhisfather'saircraft.Hetrackeddown"MissChampion"andinOctoberof1982beganthepainstakingtaskofrestoration,usingtheoriginalPitcairnfactorydrawings.Inthespringof1985"MissChampion"flewagain. 　　TheBell47G:AFlyingLesson 　　SincePitcairn'sAutogiro,improvedcontrolsystemsallowtheairframetorisedirectlyfromthegroundwithapoweredrotor.StraightUp!putsyouinthepilot'sseatofaBell47Gasthebasicelementsofhelicopteroperationaredemonstrated.TheBell47G'ssingle-rotorconfigurationisbyfarthemostcommontypeusedtoday.Yourflyinglessonbegins. 　　Asahelicopterpilot,thepilotusesallfourlimbstofly,allatthesametime!Withthelefthandholdingthecollectivepitchcontrollever,hepullsupeversoslightly,andwegostraightupintoaslow-motionhover.Thespinningrotorbladesactassmallwings,buttheyspinsofastthattheycreateonecontinuousdiscoflift.Whenthebladeschangeangle,orpitchcollectively,thehelicopterrisesorfalls.Thepilot'srighthandalwaysholdsthecycliccontrol,effectivelytiltingthewhirlingdiscabove.Pointleft,tiltleft.Pointright,tiltright.Thecamerathenclosesinonthetailrotor.Onceagain,thealteringofthebladesaffectsdirection.Thechopperspinsinresponsetothepilot'sdepressingoneofthetwofootpedals.Ifhedepressesthesecondpedal,thehelicopterspinsintheoppositedirection. 　　ThePiaseckiH-21BTandemRotorAircraft,"TheFlyingBanana" 　　ThelastflyingH-21Bhelicopterintheworldtakesoff,headsforthebeachandcruises100feetabovethePacificsurfoffthecoastofCalifornia.Oneoftheearliesttandemhelicopters,theH-21Brepresentsthebirthoftheheavylifthelicoptersanddatesbacktotheearly1950s.Nicknamed"TheFlyingBanana"foritsshape,theH-21Bhadmorepowerandgreaterstabilitythanprevioushelicopters.Thetandem-rotorH-21Bcarriestwosetsofwoodenbladessituatednearly50feetapartbutoperatedbyonesetofhelicopterflightcontrols.Thepilotmustbeevervigilant,asthishelicoptercouldrapidlyinvertshouldthepilotletgoofthecontrols. 　　ThevintageH-21BusedforthefilmwasdecommissionedfromtheU.S.AirForcein1972andwasrestoredbytheCalifornia-basedClassicRotors:TheRareandVintageRotocraftMuseum.Thisnonprofitmuseumandrestorationfacility,dedicatedtothepreservationofunique,vintageandrarerotorcraft,spentmorethan10,000hoursreturningtheH-21Btoairworthiness.Everyhourflownrequires100hoursofmaintenance.ClassicRotorsistheonlymuseumofitskindtomaintaineighthelicoptersinflyingcondition.WhenitsnewfacilityinSanDiegohasbeencompleted,themuseumwillexpanditsexhibitsfrom15to30vintagerotorcraft. 　　OneofthehighlightsofitscollectionisafamousrelativeoftheH-21B.ThisisaV44(thecommercialversionoftheH-21)-nicknamed"TheHolyOne"-andistheonlyonetolandattheVaticanandbeblessedbythepope.Whileona1959demonstrationtourinEurope,thehelicopteranditscrewhadprovidedhelptoItaliancommunitiesfollowingadevastatingearthquake. 　　FutureHelicopterDesigns 　　Oneaspectofcurrentresearchcentersaroundthedevelopmentof"quiettechnology"thatwillallowhelicopterstobecomebetterneighborsandtooperatemorestealthilyinpoliceandmilitaryoperations. 　　Quiettechnologyadvancesrelyonacombinationoftechnologies,whichincludeimprovedrotorbladedesignandtheuserofrotorsystemswithfourormoreblades.ReplacingthetailrotorwithaCoanda-effectNOTAR(NoTailRotor)systemgoesalongwayinreducingnoise,asdoesshroudingthetailrotorinanarrangementknowasa"fan-in-fin."Otheradvancesfocusonnoise-dampeningairinletsandimprovedenginenozzles. 　　Newhelicopterdesignsaretestedintheworld'slargestwindtunnelattheNASAAmesFlightResearchCenterlocatedatMoffettFieldinCalifornia.Ameswasfoundedin1939asanaircraftresearchlaboratoryoftheNationalAdvisoryCommitteeforAeronautics,whichbecamepartoftheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)in1958.NASAhastheleadingroleinaerospaceoperationssystems,whichincludeairtrafficcontrol,flighteffectsonhumans,androtorcrafttechnology.NASAAmesscientistsandengineersstudyrobotichelicopters,high-speedhybrids,andadvancesinquiettechnology.Thecenteralsohasmajorresponsibilitiesforthecreationofdesignanddevelopmenttoolsandforwindtunneltesting. 　　TheNASA-BellXV-15Tilt-rotor 　　Inthefilm,anXV-15convertsoverDallas-FortWorthAirport.TheXV-15isanexperimentalrotorcraft,theparentofanewfamilyofaircraftcalled"tilt-rotors."Thetilt-rotorcombinesthehoveringabilityofthehelicopterwiththespeedofafixed-wingaircraft.TheXV-15cantakeoffandlandlikeahelicopter.Theaudiencewillseetheenginestiltingforwardasthetilt-rotorbecomesahigh-speedplane. 　　TheBell-BoeingV-22Osprey 　　AV-22Ospreyunwraps,emerginglikeaprehistoricflyingdinosaur.BuiltprimarilyfortheU.S.Marines,AirForce,andNavy,theV-22Ospreyhaswingsthatpivotandrotorsthatfoldtofacilitateitsstorageatsea.Inlessthan90seconds,youwillseetheV-22completethisprocess.Althoughstillclassifiedasatilt-rotor,itisfaster,withthreetimestherangeandmorethantentimesthepayloadofitspredecessor.Itshowsthepromiseoflong-distancetravel,withoutairports. 　　TheHawk4Gyroplane 　　Rotorcraftevolutionisalsointhehandsoftheentrepreneur,andthisindependentspiritismostevidentintheHawk4Gyroplane.Whilesomedesignsproducegroundbreakingchanges,thisaircraftbroughttheeconomyandsafetyoftheAutogirointothespaceage.Arotorisusedforslow-speedflight,butathigh-speedcruisingalltheliftisprovidedbythewingwhiletherotorhasnolift.TheGyroplaneshowspromiseasahigh-speed,low-disc-loadingrotorcraft. 　　TheBoeing-SikorskyRAH-66Comanche 　　TheComancheripsanddipsacrossthescreen,setagainstasunset.Thisprototypehelicopterhasstealthtechnology.It'ssmart,agile,fastandinvisibletoradar.It'sthefirsthelicoptertoprovidereal-timedigitaldatatoheadquarters.Seeinginthedark,sensingtheforcesatplayaroundusandactingontheevidenceinrealtime,theComancheisacomplexflyingmachinewithahumanbeingatitsheart.Everyday,inunexpectedways,itextendsourpowersandputsustoworkwitharevolutionarytool. 　　TheComancheisthecentralelementoftheU.S.Army'sfutureObjectiveForce.Inadditiontoitscomplementofmissilesand20-mmcannon,theaircraftcarriesstate-of-the-artsensorsandavionicstoprovidebattlefieldcommanderswithsomuchaccurateinformationaboutenemymovements.Thisknowledgewilltranslateintomoreprecisetargeting,increasingtheeffectivenessoffriendlyforcesbeyondcurrentcapabilities. 　　TheU.S.Armyhasdefinedarequirementofmorethan1,200ComanchesfortheObjectiveForce.TheRAHComanche,thearmy's21st-centurycombathelicopterisbeingdevelopedbytheU.S.ArmyandateamofleadingaerospacecompaniesheadedbytheBoeingCompanyandSikorskyAircraftCorporation,aunitofUnitedTechnologiesCorporation. 　　TheSikorskyUH-60BlackHawkandAS350B2AStarEnforcetheLaw 　　Eventsswiftlyunfoldastheradarplanespotsan"unidentified"CessnadroppingbundlesofdrugsoffthecoastofMiamiatdawn.AsignalalertstheMarineandAirBranchofU.S.Customswhospeedouttointerceptthesmugglers.Justasthedrugsaretransferredfromboattovan,TheAStarhelicopterburstsoverthetreetops,deployingatacticalteamtoarrestthedriver.Whilethesmuggler'sCigaretteboatattemptstoescape,aBlackHawkhelicopterdipsdowntocreateagiantbackwash.Inastunningdisplayofimpeccableteamwork,thisactionforcesthefleeingboattoswervetoahaltasaCustomsboatcutsitoffandapprehendsthecriminals. 　　Onatypicalday,theU.S.CustomsServiceexamines1.3millionpassengers,2,642aircraft,50,889trucks/containers,355,004othervehicles,588vessels,64,923entriesandundertakesthefollowingenforcementactions:64arrests,107narcoticseizures,223otherseizures,9currencyseizures.Theseamountto5,059poundsofnarcotics,$443,907incurrency,$228,803inconveyances,$525,791inmerchandiseandmorethan$15,800inarmsandammunition. 　　FilmedoveraperiodoffivedaysoffthecoastofMiami,theair,land,andseadrugbustwasstagedbytheU.S.CustomsService,whichreliesheavilyonhelicoptersduringsuchoperations. 　　U.S.Customspilot,TomStanton,participatedintheshootwithhisco-pilotKimberlyKessel.KesselisoneofsevenwomenU.S.CustomspilotsandonlyoneoftwoqualifiedtoflyBlackHawks.Bothpilotsvolunteeredtoworkwiththefilmcrew.SaysKessel,agraduateofEmbry-RiddleAeronauticalUniversity,"Theywerephenomenal,readytotryanything." 　　Inadditiontodaytimeflights,Stantonfliestheriskiernightmissions."Flyingatnightisdangerousasyouloseallperceptionofwhat'supordownbecauseboththeskyandoceanareblack,sotheyjustkindofrunintogether.There'snohorizononthosedarknights,"saystheveteranpilot. 　　Typicallyhefliesfrom300to500feetabovethewaterat120to150knots."Notmanypeopleflythatlow,eveninthedaytime,"saysStanton."There'snoautopilot,soit'shandson.Plusyou'rechasingsomeone.Youhavetobeaware.Itcangettenseoutthere." 　　Stantondescribesanairchase:"Oncethere'satarget,welaunchajetwithradar.Thejetpilotcallsthehelicopteroutandwelinkup,flyinginformation.Wefollowthebadguywhereverhegoes.Ifhehasextended-rangefueltanks,weleapfrogandsendanotherhelicopterouttotakeupthechase.(TheBlackHawkcarriesfivehoursoffuel.)Whenhegetsintohislandingconfiguration,wecallthelocalpoliceorsherifftohelpusout."TheBlackHawk,whichcancarryupto14people,typicallycarries4or5armedpersonnel,"soweinstantlyhaveaforceofpoliceofficerstheretogetthebadguys." 　　"Ifit'saboat,wehaveCigaretteboatslikethesmugglers.We'llcallourboatandhaveitintercept."StantonfliestheBlackHawknexttotheboat,makingithardforthesmugglerstonavigate."Itintimidatesthemintogivingup.Sometimestheydo[but]sometimeswechasethemforhours.Orwe'llfollowthemintoamarinaandblockthemuntilourboatscome.Iftheyhitthebeach,we'llcallthestatepoliceorsheriff,andtheysetupaperimetersotheguycan'tgetout." 　　Stanton,whofliesmissionsasoftenasonceortwiceaweek,hasbeenflyingfor26years,13ofthoseasanarmyhelicopterpilotbeforehejoinedU.S.CustomsinMiamiwhereheisthe"standardizationinstructorpilot."Hemakessurethateverybodyfliesthesameway,sothatwhentheyteamup,thepilotseasilyworkintandem.Pilotsfly8-hourshiftsandtheoperationgoeson24hoursaday,7daysaweekinareascoveringboththeCanadianandMexicanlandborders,theAtlanticandPacificcoastlines,andtheGulfofMexico. 　　TheMD500EHelicopter 　　AMD500helicopterhoversdirectlyabove500,000-voltpowerlines.Asitinchescloser,alightningboltsuddenlyzapsoutfromthehotline,arcingtowardthewandextendedbyalinemanperchedonanaluminumplatformthatjutsoutfromthehelicopter.The"hot-line-qualified"linemanclampsontothepowerlines,andhelicopterbacksoff,leavinghimto"wirewalk,"crawlingalongparallellinestoinspectthePPLpowerlinegrid,100feetofftheground.Toreboardthehelicopter,thelinemanmust"bondoff,"reversingtheprocedure. 　　"Idon'tgivetwohootsandaholleraboutflyinginsideahelicopter.Putmeoutside,that'swhereIwanttobe,"saysDaniel"Spider"Lockhart,AgRotorslineman.There'sonlythreethingsI'vebeenafraidofmostofmylife:Onewaselectricity,onewasheightsandtheotherwaswomen.And,I'mmarriedtoo,"hegrins."Thesafestlinemanisonethatisafraidofelectricity.Whenwebondtothepowerlinesenergizedathalf-a-millionvolts,wehavetobringourselvestothesamepotential.Thatiswhyyouseethatarcjumpingouttoourwandaswemakeboththehelicopterandthepowerlineatthesamepotential,sothatwecaneliminatetheflowofcurrent,"explainstheveteranlineman. 　　Spiderwearsaprotectivehotsuit,75percentNomexforfireretardationand25percentstainlesssteelthread."ThemetalthreadbasicallymeansIhaveacagearoundmethatcanbeenergizedatveryhighvoltagelevels.Ahalf-millionvoltspassovermybody,butIcanworkwithoutinterferencefromtheelectricity." 　　Hecontinues,"Watchingthatelectricityjumpoutwhileyou'reenergizingthehelicopterisathrill.Gettingonthewire,walkingthewiretodorepairsisathrill.ThebiggestthrillIgetisfromdoingwhatIdoisbeingabletodobothtogether-theelectricalpartandthehelicopterpartofit,thespeedatwhichwecandoitandstillbesafe.Therearesomanythingsthatthehelicopterenablesustodoaslinemen,whichisveryrewarding." 　　TheteamworkoftheskilledhelicopterpilotsandhighlytrainedlinemenensurethatthePPLCorp.providesaconstantsourceofelectricitytoits1.3millioncustomersinPennsylvania(inadditionto4.4millioninLatinAmericaandEurope).Tomaintaintheintegrityofthetransmissionsystemtoresidentialandcommercialestablishments,andtoensurethesafetyoftheoperation,theteamplansandrehearseseverymovewhileonthegroundbeforetakeoff.Evenso,unanticipatedgustsofwindandglarefromthewirescanaffectthepilot'sdepthperception,requiringtotalconcentrationduringhishoursatthecontrols.Asthehelicopterisisolatedfromtheground,thepilotandlineman,cladinprotectivestainlesssteelsuits,mustbondontothetransmissionlinestobringthemselvestothesamevoltagepotentialofthelinetoworksafely-parallelingwhatabirddoeswhenitsitsonawire. 　　ProbablythemostunusualplacethatthedirectorriggedthecamerawasontheendoftheplatformontheMD500,whichisdesignedtocarrythelinemanashebondsontothehalf-million-voltpowerline."Wetookawaythelinemanandputthecamerainhisplace;thelinemanrodebehindthecameraandusedhiswandtodrawthearcofelectricityrightontothecameralens.Idon'tthinkit'sbeendonebefore.Itblewalltheelectronicsoutofthecameraacoupleoftimesbeforewefiguredouthowtodoit,"recallsDouglas. 　　TheBoeing234Helicopter:HeliloggingwithLimitedEnvironmentalDamage 　　FloatingabovetheforestinnorthernCalifornia,a12-tonBoeing234helicopterselectsitstargetwithprecision.Selectiveloggingisaprocesswhereonlyaportionoftheavailabletimberisremovedfromaloggingsite.Asingletreeisliftedstraightupfromtheforestfloor,leavingtherestoftheareaenvironmentallyintact.Removingsuchtimber-veryoftentreesthatarealreadydeadordiseased-allowstheremainingtreestothriveontheadditionalresourcesofsunlight,water,andsoilnutrients.Heliloggingisenvironmentallyfriendlyinotherwaysaswell.First,sincethelogsareliftedfromtheground,littlesoilerosion,typicalofconventionalloggingmethods,occurs.Second,inmanycasesthehelicopterisabletouseexistingroadsforlandings,meaningnonewroadsneedtobebuiltintotheareabeinglogged. 　　ColumbiaHelicopterscutsmorelogseachyearthananyotherhelicopterloggingcompany.Topreparethetimberforthehelicopter,thespeciallytrainedloggingcrewcutitintocarefullyweighedsections.Columbia'sflightcrewsareamongthemostexperiencedatlong-lineworkintheworld.Withspeedandprecision,theyareabletomoveheavyloadsoflogsattheendoflinesupto350-feetlong.OncethelineisloweredfromtheBoeing234helicopter,steeltongsclampthelogandtheentiretreeisremovedwithoutdisturbingthebalanceofnature."It'skindalikelookin'down25storiesandpickingupatelephonepole,"commentsthehelicopterpilot,DaveStroupe,whodepositsthetimberatanearbytransferyard."Theuniquethingaboutthishelicopteristhat,whenwetakeofffromtheground,weweighapproximately22,000pounds.Andwe'reriggedforabout26,000poundswhenwegetlowonfuel.Sotheloadactuallyweighsmorethanthehelicopter.It'sexcitingandharrowingallatthesametime." 　　TheBoeing234shavealiftcapacityof28,000lb,(12,727kg),butmostoftencarryloadsbetween23,000lb,(10,454kg)to24,000lb(10,909kg)duetoelevationandairtemperatureconsiderations.Thecompanytrainsloggerstoworkwithhelicoptersbecauseloadweightissuchadramaticpartofwhattheydo.Weightisdetermined,usingaformula,whichareafunctionofthevolumeandthetypeofwood.Differenttreespecieshavedifferentweightspervolume. 　　Whenoneofthepilotssuggestedusingthelogasaplatformforthecamera,Douglasrealizedanotherexcitingcameraangle.Thepossibilityexistedthatthebranchescouldscrapeoffthecameraasthelogwashauledup.Douglaspreventedthisbyplacingthecamerainsideaheavysteelavalanchebox,whichheanchoredontheendofabiglog.Oncethelogwasgrappled,thehelicopterhauledtheprotectedcamerarightthroughthebranches,givingtheaudienceabreathtakingviewfromtheperspectiveofthelog!TheU.S.MarineCorpsAV-8BHarrier,AH-1WCobra,CH-53ESuperStallionandCH-46ESeaKnightonaMilitaryMission 　　AnAV-8BHarrierjetdemonstratesitsverticallandingabilityfollowedbyaforcereconnaissanceinserviceexercisefromanaircraftcarrier,asMarinesclimbaboardtheCH-53E.AH-1WCobrasandHarriersformanassault-supportpackage,asthereconnaissanceteamsetsoutonamissiontoobtaininvaluableintelligenceabouttheenemy. 　　InsidetheCH-53E,themachine-gunnerisatthereadyasaCobrafiresthreerockets.TheactionheatsupastheIMAXcameracapturestheMarinesfast-ropingthroughthe"hellhole"andslidingdownaropedanglingfromtheCH-53E,landinginenemyterritory.Theleaderofthereconnaissanceteamsays,"Bythetimeyougettotouchropeinalivesituation,youandyourmenfeeltighterthanfamily.Yourfatesaretiedlikethestrandsofarope." 　　TwohourslatertheMarineshavecompletedtheirmissionandarereadytobeevacuated.Nowtheenemyhuntsthemontheground.TreesshakeastherescueCH-53Ehelicopterhoversoverhead,loweringaropetothesquad,nowuptotheirwaistsinwater.Oneaftertheother,inamatterofseconds,themenclipthemselvesontotherope."Extraction,evenmorethaninsertion,iswhenyouneedspeed.You'vebeenawfulquiet.Suddenly,you'reawfulloud,"saysSgt.JamesKenneke,thesquadleader.He'sfirstinandlastout.Liftedup,likewashingonaline,thesquaddanglesbeneaththehelicopterasitisescortedbyCobras,outovertheAtlantic. 　　"It'sarelieftogetout.Butthere'sthatmomentofdoubt.Everythingslowsdownwhileyou'reexposed�holdingyourbreathforthathappyending.Andwhenyougetit,youfeelontopoftheworld.Ofcourse,thenwe'vegottocommutehomejustlikeeverybodyelse,"smilesKennecke. 　　TheMi-26andMi-8DeliverHumanitarianAid 　　Sometimes,somethingverypreciousmustbedeliveredbehindenemylines-food.SierraLeoneisanationthathassufferedyearsofconflict.Fromthefooddepottothehotspot,helicoptersprovideanairbridge.Hoistingfoodandmedicalsuppliestodistressedpeoplebehindrebel-heldterritories,theyhavetheabilitytohopoverhotzonesindesperatesituations. 　　Theworld'slargestproductionhelicopter-theRussian-madeMi-26-istheworkhorsefortheUnitedNations(UN)peacekeepingoperationinwar-tornSierraLeone.Theheaviestproductionhelicopterintheworld,thismajesticeight-bladedcraft-oneoffourcharteredbytheUNfromRussia-cancarryamaximumof44,090lb(20,040kg)ofinternalpayloadorupto70troops.TheMi-26'stopspeedis183mph(295kph)andithasarangeof304miles(400km). 　　Inthissequence,theMi-26isloadedwithcargotosupplyUNtroopsprotectinganisolatedcommunityinthecenterofrebel-heldterritory.Theworld'slargestfoodagency,theUNWorldFoodProgram(WFP),organizedamassiveaircampaigntargetinginternallydisplacedpersonsthathadcongregatednearaclinicformalnourishedchildren.OncerebelsfromtheRevolutionaryUnitedFront(RUF)hadsurroundedtheareaandblockedroadaccess,theWFPwaspreventedfromcompletingabulkdistribution.Instead,theyloadeduptheirMi-8andflewtotheDaruclinicwherethemostvulnerablewomenandchildrenwerelocated. 　　"AllchildrenunderfivewhoaremalnourishedaregivenaspecialfeedingprograminDaru.Andtheunder-fivearealwaysthefirstonesyoutargetforanykindofextrememalnourishedcases,becausetheydieveryquickly,"saysAyaShneerson,programofficerfortheWFP."Daruisakindofanisland,asafeisland,surroundedbyareasthatareunsafe,"shesays,"andforthatreason,italwaysservedasasortofmagnetfortheveryvulnerablepeoplecomingout." 　　AnotherbigWFPoperation,FoodforPeace,givesfoodtochildex-combatants,inanefforttoattractthemtodisarmamentanddemobilizationcamps. 　　Theheavilyladencraftflewoutofthecapitalcity,Freetown,situatedonthewestcoastofAfricabetweenGuineaonthenorthandLiberiaonthesouth.TheWFPsupervisesavarietyoffeedingprogramsinthedisplacementcamps,feeding5,000inanoperationthattargetedBunbuna,KabalaandDaruin2000. 　　Throughouttheworld,helicoptershavesavedmillionsofhumanlives.Thereare777millionpeopleindevelopingcountries,accordingtotheWFP.In2001theWFPfed77millionhungrypeople(10percentofthehungrypoor)in82countries. 　　Diamonds,whichshouldhavebroughtprosperitytoSierraLeone,insteadresultedinoneofthemodernworld'smostbrutalinsurgencies,datingbackto1991whenrebelslaunchedawartooverthrowthegovernment.Intheensuingyears,continuousbattlesbetweenthevariousfactions-rebels,thearmyandthegovernment-displacedtensofthousandsofinnocentcivilians,resultinginhungerandfamine.In1998UNobserversdocumentedreportsofongoingatrocitiesandhumanrightsabuses.In1999negotiationsbeganbetweenthegovernmentandtherebels,andanagreementwassignedinLometoendhostilitiesandformagovernmentofnationalunity.By2000,theUN'sexpandedroleresultedinthedeploymentof17,500militarypeacekeepingpersonneltovariouspartsofthecountry.FreeelectionsinMay2002havegivenhopeandafreshstartedinSierraLeone. 　　TheAS350B2andAS350B3UsedforWildlifeRelocation 　　InSouthAfrica,helicoptersarehelpingtosavetheblackrhinofromextinction.Protectedinafewremotepreserves,theirnumbersarerising.However,shouldtherhinosfeelovercrowded,theywillfighttothedeath.Toprotectthespecies,somemustberelocatedtosafehabitats,butthisiseasiersaidthandone. 　　Aplatformdanglesfromahelicopteroverhead.Insideanotherhelicopter,flyinglowovertheSouthAfricanveldt,amanwitharifletakesaimatablackrhinoceros,dodgingthroughthebushesbelow.Thepilotconcentratesonflying5feetaboveand10to15feetbehindtherhino.Anticipatingitseverymove,awildlifeveterinarianpullsthetriggerofhisgunloadedwithatranquilizerdart,scoringadirecthitthatsuccessfullypenetratestherhino'sinch-thickskin. 　　"WhenIamdartinganimalsliketheblackrhino,thereisthisimmensetrustbetweenmyselfandPiet,thepilot,"sayswildlifeveterinarian,Dr.DouwGrobler,whospecializesinimmunizationsandtranslocations."Iknowexactlywhathe'sgoingtodoandwherehe'sgoingtoplaceme.Idon'thavetothink.Icanjustconcentrateontheanimals.Ijustknowhe'sgongtoputmethereintherightspotattherighttime.It'salmostthathesenseswhattheanimal'sgoingtodo.Inthatway,hecanchangetheanimal'smindwithhishelicopter." 　　Groblerhasmeasuredaspecificdrugdosage,whichcankeeparhinoasleepforuptotwohours.Oncetherhinoisdarted,thegroundcrewlandsassoonaspossibletoundertakeamultitudeoftasks.Theymonitorthebeast'svitalsigns,takeskinandbloodsamplestostudyitsbasichealthandtodetectanynutrientsthatarelacking.Thisensuresthatthehabitatishealthyforlong-termpropagation.Theyalsoconductpregnancytesting.Eachrhino'searisnotchedsothatitcanbeidentifiedeasilyfromtheairandground.Thetipofthesecondhornisremovedtoprovidematerialforgeneticresearch,andatransmitterisfittedintotherhino'shornfortrackingitswhereabouts.Poacherspresentaconstantdangertotherhinos'security.Shouldapoacherremovethehornforexport,thetransmitterwouldtriggeranalarm. 　　Whentwomalesinhabitthesameterritory,onemustberelocatedbeforetheybattletothedeath.Placingaslinginposition,thecrewrollstherhinoaboardtheplatform,makingsureitisfullyasleep.Withaliftingcapabilityof3,500lb(1,590kg),theAStarB3canrelocatethe2,250-lb(1022-kg)rhinotoanareaofthesanctuarythatisaccessibleonlybyhelicopter. 　　Theextensiveresearchonelevenblackrhinosacquiredduringthefour-dayshootwasmadepossibleonlythroughSKFilm'sfinancialcontribution."MyfieldofexpertiseliesinthecaptureandrelocationofAfricanwildlife.IamextremelygratefultoStraightUp!forsponsoringthisincrediblyimportantresearchandrelocationprogramatthegamepark.Withoutthefilm,thisresearchwouldnothavehappened,"saysGrobler,whoorganizedthecapture,researchandrelocationproject,withthefilm'sproductioncrew."Everyanimalisjustsovaluable,"hesays,"andanyinformationthatcanbecollectedonthemisworthitsweightingold." 　　Theprehistoricancestoroftoday'srhinosexistedmorethan50millionyearsago.Amongtoday'sfiverhinospecies,theblackrhino,whichhastwohorns,hassufferedthemostspectacularrateofdecline.Fromapopulationof65,000in1970ithadbeenhuntedalmosttoextinction,decliningtoapopulationof2,300by1992-93.CurrentstatisticsindicatethattheAfricanblackrhinopopulationhasrisento3,500asaresultoftheprotectionofnaturereserves,developedbyconservancygroups,agenciesandgovernmentstofacilitatebreedingandrelocationprograms. 　　ThissegmentofStraightUp!wasfilmedinonesuchreserveinSouthAfrica,whereblackrhinoshadbeenreintroducedin1986.Thehelicopter,anirreplaceableco